Others take into account qualitative factors, such as education, culture, and social status. Some definitions of class look only at numerical measures such as wealth or income. Markers Ĭlass in the United States from 2005, featuring occupational descriptions by Thompson & Hickey as well as United States Census Bureau data pertaining to personal income and educational attainment for those age 25 or older These class models feature an upper or capitalist class consisting of the rich and powerful, an upper middle class consisting of highly educated and affluent professionals, a middle class consisting of college-educated individuals employed in white-collar industries, a lower middle class composed of semi-professionals with typically some college education, a working class constituted by clerical and blue collar workers whose work is highly routinized, and a lower class divided between the working poor and the unemployed underclass. Sociologists Dennis Gilbert, William Thompson, Joseph Hickey, and James Henslin have proposed class systems with six distinct social classes. Most concepts of American social class do not focus on race or ethnicity as a characteristic within the stratification system, although these factors are closely related. Most definitions of a class structure group its members according to wealth, income, education, type of occupation, and membership within a hierarchy, specific subculture, or social network. More complex models propose as many as a dozen class levels, including levels such as high upper class, upper class, upper middle class, middle class, lower middle class, lower class and lower lower middle class, while others disagree with the American construct of social class completely. Many Americans believe in a social class system that has three different groups or classes: the American rich, the American middle class, and the American poor. The idea that American society can be divided into social classes is disputed, and there are many competing class systems. However, it could also refer to social status or location. Inflation hardship information by detailed income group is courtesy of Gallup.Social class in the United States refers to the idea of grouping Americans by some measure of social status, typically economic. Our story references Urban Institute’s definition of the “middle-middle” class, rather than the full range of lower-middle-, middle-middle- and upper-middle-class incomes.ĭata about retirement savings and emergency savings were calculated from the Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Household Economics and Decisionmaking microdata. Stephen Rose at the Urban Institute, whose definition of the middle class is cited in this story, could not be reached for comment. Rakesh Kochhar at the Pew Research Center, Richard Reeves at Brookings, Caitlin Zaloom at New York University and Rachel Sherman at the New School were consulted for this story. Our three definitions of the middle class come from the Pew Research Center (distance from median income), Brookings Institution (middle 60 percent of household incomes) and Urban Institute (distance from the 2021 poverty level). The Census Bureau does not calculate median incomes for all rural areas, so we used the median of median incomes in a state’s rural Zip codes as a comparison point. Income for Zip codes and core-based statistical areas are based on the Current Population Survey using data collected between 20. The national distribution of household income across the United States was calculated from the 2022 Current Population Survey’s Annual Social and Economic Supplement. We used a variety of data sources on income. Paper and bill textures in topper from iStock. Reporting by Alyssa Fowers, Shelly Tan, Luis Melgar and Kevin Schaul.
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